Chapter Thirteen Continued: The Green Shirts

A CULTURE OF DEFIANCE: History of the Reform-Conservative Party of Canada

The Green Shirts were created on August 18, 1920, By John Hargrave, as the Kindred of the Kibbo Kift. Hargrave had been with the boy scouts, but was excommunicated, so he started his own group, that included young women and men.

They would later become more political when they adopted the Social Credit elements of Major Douglas. Unlike similar groups at the time, they did not appear to have the fascist elements.

In fact the author George Orwell who had initially supported Social Credit but packed off when he saw the rampant anti-Semitism, linked the Green shirts with other fascist movements, and was eventually forced to apologize to John Hargrave.

When William Aberhart's Social Credit Party won the election in 1935, the Green Shirts marched in London in celebration. Hargrave would also make a trip to Alberta to help him get established.

The purpose of the Kibbo Kift Kindred was to train a body of men and women who, having drawn apart from the mass, would fit themselves to act as a catalyst on a corrupt and directionless society and lead it back to health and wealth. The movement was firmly rooted in English tradition and indeed might rightly be described as the only genuine English national movement of modern times. (1)

Like Aberhart he was making monetary reform a Christian mission:

On January 3, 1931, Hargrave spoke at the Annual Kinfest, showing how it was the duty of the Kibbo Kift to break the power of the money-mongers. Parliament was useless, and the people themselves lacking hope and courage; but they would follow the Kin if the Kindred could show "that absolute, that religious, that military devotion to duty without which no great cause was ever brought to a successful issue." (1)

They held hunger marches, demonstrations and mass meetings, often inviting violent confrontation. I always thought of them as more of a cult but they are still active today.

Chapter Thirteen Continued: The Zionist Youth Movement

Sources:

1. A History of the Kibbo Kift, by Professor LP Elwell-Sutton, Chief Executive Officer, Kibbo Kift Foundation

Chapter Twenty-Seven: One Awful Thing After Another

A CULTURE OF DEFIANCE: History of the Reform-Conservative Party of Canada

In London, on hearing of the victory, John Hargrave's Green Shirts assembled in Threadneedle Street. To symbolize the coming collapse of the existing monetary system throughout the world, they marched seven times around the Bank of England, while chanting praises of Aberhart's name. (1)

The victory of course, was the election of the Alberta Social Credit Party, in August of 1935; which would later emerge as the Reform Party, the Alliance Party and finally The Conservative Party of Canada, with Stephen Harper as it's leader.

The Green Shirts were part of a broader Social Credit movement, that included the Black Shirts under Oswald Mosley (2) and were contemporary to Adolph Hitler's Brown Shirts and Oliver Stillingfleet Locker-Lampson's Blue Shirts, whose motto was Fear God! Fear Naught! (3)

Oswald Mosley had contributed articles to Aberhart's Alberta Social Credit Chronicle.

But John Hargrave would become more involved, when in the December of 1936, he visited Alberta when Clifford Douglas had turned his back on the Alberta premier. Hargrave had created a Social Credit Party in Britain though they had been unable to secure seats.

He agreed to act as as an advisor to the government, but it soon became clear that Aberhart just didn't grasp the concept. But something more important took place. Seventeen of Aberhart's MLAs requested a private meeting with Hargrave to explain the steps that he had drawn up. The media got wind of it and it created quite a stir.

Aberhart finally agreed to allow John Hargrave to address the caucus but it was clear that there was a division in the Party, resulting in a 'Backbenchers Revolt'. (4)

The insurgents would reach 30 and it appeared as if Aberhart might be defeated by his own government. It wasn't until a social credit policy was promised that he was able to keep his job.

However, the feud continued and the press ate it up. They had already begun comparing him to Mussolini and Hitler, but now lampooned him mercilessly. One in particular, the Rebel was especially blunt.

Aberhart has been treated as though he were an honest, honourable man trying to introduce Social Credit; whereas the truth is that Aberhart is a dishonest, dishonourable, lying, blaspheming charlatan, who insinuated himself into power by deception and misrepresentation, and is morally unfit to hold the office of premier... You gained power by using the highest and noblest thing in life – religion – to appeal to the lowest – to greed, selfishness, cupidity. By using this fiendish combination, you set loose an uncontrollable flood of passion. You set neighbour against neighbour, friend against friend, brother against brother, man against wife. And then you crucified a suffering people upon the cross of your vanity and ambition. (6)

Eventually the excitement died down as Douglas sent two men, L. Dennis Byrne and George Powell, to the aid of the beleaguered Aberhart. MLAs were made to sign pledges, which they were more than happy to do since it appeared that they had won the battle. But the war wasn't over yet.

Chapter Twenty-Seven Continued: The Dictator of Alberta

Sources:

1. The Social Credit Movement in Alberta, By: John A. Irving, University of Toronto Press, 1959, Pg. 332-3

2. Shirt Advertising, Time Magazine, May 28, 1934

3. Blue Shirts & Blood, Time Magazine, July 06, 1931

4. Bible Bill: A Biography of William Aberhart, By: David R. Elliot and Iris Miller, Edmonton: Reidmore Books, 1987, Pg. 251-253.

5. Democracy in Alberta: Social Credit and the Party System, By: C.B. MacPherson, University of Toronto Press, 1953, ISBN: 8020-6009-9, Pg. 133)

6. Elliot/Miller, 1987, Pg. 263