Chapter Seven Continued: Alois Schicklgruber-Hiedler

A CULTURE OF DEFIANCE: History of the Reform-Conservative Party of Canada

Alois Schicklgruber was born on June 7, 1837, in Strones, now part of North West Austria, to Maria Ann, a peasant woman of 42. His father was unknown, though he would later adopt the surname of his step-father, Georg Hiedler, then being written as Hittler and Hiitler.

I don't know if anyone has ever considered the possibility that Maria was impregnated by her father. Her mother had died when she was 26, and relationships like this would not be uncommon, especially in remote rural areas where human contact was limited.

It must have been an issue then, because the Austrian Sigmund Freud, spoke often of it and even published an essay: Totem and Tabu, dealing with incest.

Is this why she refused to name the father? I think it's a definite possibility, and certainly more likely to have been him than either of the Hiedler brothers.

Was it Maria's father who was the brute, a trait passed on to Alois? Is this why he was sent to the safety of an uncle, when Maria was dying? Her father outlived her by a few months.

I suppose it will always remain a mystery, but the fact is that Maria did marry Johann Georg Hiedler when Alois was five, and some time after, when she was ill, Alois was sent to live with his uncle, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler, in the village of Spittal. The name of this uncle is written as Johann von Nepomuk Hiitler, and since Johann von Nepomuk is the national saint of the Czech people; he may have been of that origin. (1)

Spittal was a market town, that had been the scene of several peasant uprisings. There is also some speculation that the postage stamp was invented there, though it is only one of several possibilities.

On a letter sent from Spittal to Klagenfurt, mailed on February 20, 1839, was affixed a stamp created by Ferdinand Egarter, who was postmaster at the time. The letter was addressed to Miss Konstanzia Egarter in Klagenfurt, and sent by her mother. Not a national stamp but still of great interest to collectors. (2)

Alois' uncle had a farm on the outskirts of the town, and was fairly prosperous. After his mother's death, his stepfather Georg would join them.

When reaching adolescence, Alois was hired on as a cobbler's apprentice, by a family member named Leder- miiller. However, the pay must have been low because there is a family story, that reveals a bit of the young man's temper. One day in a rage he threw his change purse out the window, bellowing that it contained only one kreuzer, and if he didn't have any more money than that, he didn't need the kreuzer either. (3)

The young Alois Schicklgruber does not seem to have been happy in his home. Apparently he was not treated as a legitimate child and was without expectation of inheritance. His son later related that his father left his native village fully determined not to return 'until he had made something of himself.' This 'some- thing, in accordance with small peasants' conceptions, was a profession of command: the police career.

At eighteen he became a border policeman in the Austrian customs service near Salzburg. He guarded the national border and hunted smugglers in a word, he became a man-hunter. An honorable profession, but scarcely friendly to man. In many countries it is the children of poor, out-of-the-way country sections who, from inborn hardness and contempt of humanity, choose the police profession. This illegitimate son of a small peasant took up his rifle and stalked the borders for human prey. The people in his native village must have looked on him with timid amazement when they first saw him in his shiny gold buttons, stamped with the imperial two-headed eagle, his pistol at his belt. The records [1855] show a young border patrolman: 'Alois Schicklgruber. (3)

At the age of twenty-seven, Alois would marry Anna Glasl-Horer, the adoptive daughter of a customs collector. She was fourteen years his senior, but was fairly well off. However, he abandoned her three years before her death from tuberculosis, and had already taken up with a young waitress, by the name of Franziska Matzelsberger, with whom he had at least two children: Alois* and Angela.

Franziska died young, and Alois would then be married for the third and final time, to Klara Pölzl, Adolf's mother.

Politics and Beer Halls

Throughout all of his marriages it does not appear that Alois was a faithful husband. It is said that he had a great fondness for singing clubs, beer-houses and waitresses, one of whom bore him a son when he was still married to his first wife. After her death he was wed to the waitress, who also gave birth to a daughter, Angela, before she too passed on.

In addition to his love for spirits, women and song, he was also passionate about politics, and in particular the notion of pan-Germanism. The same pan-Germanism that had resulted in the 1848 March Revolution, that killed William Eberhart's father and caused his mother Sophia, and stepfather Christopher Heffler, to leave their home in Mecklenburg, Prussia, and put down roots in Upper Canada.

And perhaps one of the songs Alois sang on his nights in the taverns, was one sang by Eberhart's parents, to a Joseph Haydn tune:

German women, German loyalty, German wine and German song
Shall retain in the world
Their old beautiful chime;
And inspire us to noble deeds
During all of our life.
German women, German loyalty,
German wine and German song!

By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites.

Wilhelm I, also known as Wilhelm the Great, became the King of Prussia on January 2, 1861, and with the help of his Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, he established the German Empire in 1871. He then proclaimed himself to be the head of a union of German-speaking states.

Meanwhile the Kingdom of Austria had joined with the Kingdom of Hungary, in an attempt to compensate other ethniticities, which for many in Austria, only created a heightened feeling of German nationalism. Alois was one of these people, who would prefer to remain aligned with the German fatherland. As a result he became a staunch supporter of the Pan-German Reichsrat MP Georg von Schonerer.

So between hunting people down with his gun, womanizing and pounding his fists on the bars of the taverns at Braunau am Inn; Alois Schicklgruber led a very busy life.

Chapter Seven Continued: Alois and Klara

Footnotes:

*Alois jr. would eventually marry an Irish woman with whom he had many children, including a son, William Patrick Hitler. This son would later make a name for himself by alleging that Hitler's family had a Jewish origin.

Sources:

1. Der Fhehrer, Hitler's Rise to Power, By: Konrad Heiden, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1944, Pg. 38

2. Before the Penny Black, By: Ken Lawrence, 1996

3. Heiden, 1944, Pg. 39

Chapter Seven: The Schicklgrubers of Austria

A CULTURE OF DEFIANCE: History of the Reform-Conservative Party of Canada

On June 7, 1837, in the tiny village of Strones in what is now Lower Austria, Maria Ann Schicklgruber, gave birth to a son, in the home of her employers Herr and Frau Trummelschlager.

There was no church in Strones, so they made their way to the neighbouring parish of Dollersheim, where the Catholic Maria had her son baptized, with the Trummelschlagers acting as godparents. It is recorded in the church registers that she refused to reveal who the child's father was, so the priest baptized him Alois Schicklgruber and entered "illegitimate" in place of the father's name, on the baptismal register*.

Maria and her son then went to live with her widowed father, where they would remain for the next five years.

Maria Ann Schicklgruber

Maria Ann Schicklgruber, was born on April 15, 1795, the daughter of Theresia Pfeisinger and Johannes Schicklgruber**. Her mother died when Maria was 26, and she was left with a small inheritance, which she put away and never spent. (1)

Her life was that of a peasant woman, already 42 when her son was born, and she had never married. Life at Strones was hardly conducive to a social life, as most people grew up and left.

When Maria was registering the birth of her son, parish records indicate that there was a man by the name of Johann Georg Hiedler, residing in the village of Dollersheim. He was a wandering miller who had travelled the countryside, from job to job, for many years. (2)

Serfdom had been abolished in Germany in 1789, but it would be several decades before the practice ended, and while it meant that peasants once tied to the land by law, were free to live where they wanted, it also resulted in many of them being virtually homeless.

Hiedler had been married once, and fathered a son; but both mother and child had passed away, so without ties, he continued to roam. Georg and Maria met, and on May 10, 1842, were married in Dollersheim. She was 47 and her new husband 50.

Georg and Maria Hiedler lived under the most destitute of conditions at Strones; and are said to have used nothing better than a fodder-trough for a bed. (2)

Soon into their marriage Maria became ill, and Georg, ever the wanderer, may not have felt up to caring for Alois, so he was sent to live with his uncle, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler, who had a modest but prosperous farm in the village of Spittal. Maria and Johann Georg then moved to Klein-Motten where they stayed with some of Maria's kin, the Sillips. She died of consumption on January 7, 1847, and was buried in Dollersheim in an unmarked grave*** which was never found.

There is some speculation that Nepomuk may have actually been the father of Alois, but the paternity**** has never been determined.

Chapter Seven Continued: Alois Schicklgruber-Hiedler

Footnotes:

*The registry was updated in 1876, Alois was legitimated and his surname was changed to Hitler.

**There were several members of the Schicklgrubers still living when Adolf was Chancellor of Germany. One was "Aloisia V" , who was 49 and mentally ill, so to avoid embarrassment was sent to the gas chambers in 1940.(3)

***After the Nazi takeover of Austria in 1938, she was given an "Honor Grave" next to the church wall, which was tended by local Hitler Youth groups.

****When Maria's grandson Adolf was seeking power, the question of lineage was important, so he officially made Georg his paternal grandfather.

Sources:

1. The Life of Adolf Hitler, Southern Humanities Review, 1998, Translated by Thomas G. Ringmayr

2.Der Fhehrer, Hitler's Rise to Power, By: Konrad Heiden, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1944, Pg. 38

3. Hitler's Mentally Ill Cousin Killed In Nazi Gas Chamber, By: Kate Connolly, Daily Telegraph January 19, 2005